Electrical stimulation is a widely utilized modality within the field of physical therapy, serving various purposes. This treatment involves the application of controlled electrical currents to achieve multiple therapeutic goals, including muscle strengthening, pain management, and enhanced blood circulation.

The fundamental principle of electrical stimulation revolves around utilizing electrical impulses to induce muscle contractions or provide relief from pain. Electrodes, typically small pads with a gentle adhesive, are placed on the surface of the skin and connected to a compact device that generates the electrical impulses. This technique may be known by different names, such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), electrostimulation, EMS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), TNS, Interferential current therapy (ICT), or IFC.